Laboratory

Laboratory medicine is basically  divided into two parts and  each part of laboratory is further subdivided into multiple units. These two parts are :-

1. ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY
2. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

• Anatomic pathology:-It includes are histopathology, cytopathology, and electron microscopy. Academically, each unit is studied alone in one course. Other courses related to this section include anatomy, physiology, histology, pathology, and pathophysiology.
• Clinical pathology:- It includes:
  • Clinical Microbiology: It can divided into five different units These are: bacteriology, virology, parasitology, immunology, and mycology.
  • Clinical Chemistry: This is mostly a busy section and it include instrumental analysis of blood components, enzymology, toxicology and endocrinology.
  • Hematology: This section consists of automated and manual analysis of blood cells. It includes two sub parts i.e, coagulation and blood bank.
  • Genetics is specially studied along about cytogenetics.
  • Reproductive biology: Semen analysis, Sperm bank and assisted reproductive technology.
  
  In many countries, mostly there are two main types of labs that process the majority of medical specimens.
  
  1. Hospital Laboratory
  2. Private Laboratory
  
  Hospital laboratories:- are related to a hospital, and perform tests on patients.  
  
  Private laboratories:-  receive samples from general practitioners, insurance companies, clinical research sites and other health clinics for analysis. For extremely specialised tests, samples may go to a research laboratory. Most of samples are sent between different labs for uncommon tests. It is more cost effective if a particular laboratory specializes in a rare test, receiving specimens from other labs, while sending away tests it cannot do.